Comparison of two surgical protocols for the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate: a multidisciplinary systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is still no unanimous agreement on the optimal surgical protocol(s) for the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and a huge variety of protocols are employed by cleft centres across the world. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare reported patient outcomes of the Oslo protocol (and modifications) (OP) and delayed hard palate closure protocols (DHPCP) from a multidisciplinary perspective. A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted until September 2023. Studies reporting any patient outcomes of these protocols were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for evidence synthesis, including comparisons of results between the types of protocol. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool. In total, 62 articles (42 studies) reporting patients with UCLP were reviewed, involving 1281 patients following the OP and 655 following DHPCP. Equally poor long-term sagittal maxillofacial growth was found, and similar results for velopharyngeal insufficiency and nasolabial appearance. In contrast, OP was associated with a lower rate of oronasal fistulas. Disregarding the scarcity of comparable evidence for some domains, the results of this review, overall, favour OP over DHPCP. However, caution should be taken when interpreting the results on velopharyngeal insufficiency and oronasal fistulas, since the possibility of confounding and other biases remains.

Prenatal Ultrasound Imaging of Orofacial Clefts: A Pictorial Essay.

Orofacial clefts (OFCs), including cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and CL with palate (CL/P), are relatively common congenital birth defects occurring in approximately 1 in 500 to 1 in 2500 live births. Detecting OFCs during prenatal ultrasound screening is crucial for informed decision-making and multidisciplinary medical care. This review provides a practical guide for routine and advanced screening for OFCs during mid-pregnancy. The Maarse classification system facilitates effective communication among the multidisciplinary team, categorizing OFCs into five types. Basic ultrasound views encompass coronal, sagittal, and axial imaging of the face and hard palate. Additional visualization techniques are employed in case of suspected anomalies during the initial screening. Advanced ultrasound views provided by the expert in prenatal OFC diagnosis include imaging of the posterior edge of the hard palate and the posterior part of the soft palate. Detected OFCs exhibit a range of severity and affect different structures, underscoring the importance of accurate detection and classification for appropriate treatment planning. Implementing a standardized screening protocol for OFCs is essential. By enhancing detection rates and enabling early diagnosis, prenatal ultrasound screening contributes to improved patient outcomes and facilitates timely intervention by the multidisciplinary team. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the significance of standardized protocols and specialized techniques for prenatal ultrasound screening of OFCs. Early detection and classification of these malformations play a vital role in comprehensive management, ensuring that affected individuals and their families receive the appropriate care and support they need.

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain Positive for the Panton-Valentine Leucocidin Gene in a Middle-Aged Patient With Multiple Septic Pulmonary Emboli.

A 59-year-old man suffered from fever and chest pain for three days following an accidental bite to a lip ulcer. His lower lip showed swelling and tenderness, and chest computed tomography showed multiple bilateral nodules. He was diagnosed with septic pulmonary embolism and a lip abscess, and blood, sputum, and lip abscess cultures confirmed the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Despite the initiation of vancomycin, he rapidly developed respiratory failure and septic shock, necessitating intubation and noradrenaline support. Gentamicin was added on the seventh day of admission due to an insufficient effect, and vancomycin was switched to linezolid on the 14th day of admission. However, his respiratory failure persisted as bilateral pneumothorax developed. Blood culture was negative on the 14th day after admission, but the patient died on the 15th day after admission. The MRSA isolate was tested for the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene in conjunction with the USA300 strain. The prevalence of community-acquired (CA)-MRSA in the USA300 clone is increasing but still low in Japan, and this type of infection is commonly observed in people of all ages; this case is the first instance reported in Japan of a middle-aged patient with septic pulmonary embolism. Given the anticipated global increase in CA-MRSA infection caused by the USA300 clone and the emergence of USA300 with altered pathogenicity, it may be crucial to suspect PVL-positive CA-MRSA infections even in middle-aged or elderly patients presenting with septic pulmonary embolism as community infections.

Comparison of different maxillary advancement protocols in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a finite element analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distributions and possible amount of movement in the maxillofacial region resulting from different maxillary advancement protocols in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A unilateral cleft lip and palate model (CLP model) with Goslon score 4 was created for finite element analysis. Three different protocols were compared: Group 1: usage of a face mask with elastics placed at a 30? angle to the occlusal plane over a conventional acrylic plate; Group 2: usage of a face mask with elastics placed at a 30? angle to the occlusal plane over miniplates placed in the infrazygomatic crest region; Group 3: usage of elastic from the menton plate placed in the mandible to the infrazygomatic plates in the maxilla. RESULTS: Dental effects were greater in the maxillary protraction protocol with a face mask over a conventional acrylic plate (Von Misses Stress Values; Group 1?=?cleft side:0.076, non-cleft side:0.077; Group 2?=?cleft side:0.004, non-cleft side: 0.003; Group 3?=?cleft side:0.0025; non-cleft side:0.0015), whereas skeletal effects were greater in maxillary protraction protocols with face mask using skeletal anchorage (Von Misses Stress Values; Group 1:0.008; Group 2:0.02; Group 3:0.0025). The maximum amount of counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla as a result of protraction was observed in traditional acrylic plate face mask protocol, and the minimum amount was observed by using elastics between infrazygomatic plates and menton plate. CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate with Goslon score 4, it was observed that the skeletally anchored face mask caused more skeletal impact and displacement than both the traditional acrylic plate face mask model and the pure skeletally supported maxillary protraction model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When planning maxillary protraction treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate, it should be considered that more movement in the sagittal plane might be expected on the cleft side than the non-cleft side, and miniplate and screws on the cleft side are exposed to more stress when using infrazygomatic plates as skeletal anchorage.

Effects of polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cement graft for treating excessive gingival display and its dimensional facial changes: 12-Month clinical study.

Objective: to present a 12-month follow-up with photographic and tomographic analyses of the effect of polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cement graft (PMMA) in gingival exposure (GE) in patients with excessive gingival display (EGD). Methods: Twelve patients with EGD were included. The PMMA was surgically placed. A frontal and lateral photograph protocol was performed at baseline (T0), 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 12 months (T12) post-operatively. Soft tissue cone-beam computed tomography (ST-CBCT) was performed at T0 and T12. Measures included GE, length of the lip vermilion (LLV), lip shape (LS), nose width (NW), filter width (FW), nasolabial angle (NAS) while smiling, and nasolabial angle at rest (NAR). The height, thickness, and volume of the cement graft were also measured in the ST-CBCT. The comparisons were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test at 5 % of significance (p < 0.05). Results: The height, thickness, and volume of the PMMA were respectively 12.84 ± 1.59 mm, 3.83 ± 0.53, and 1532.02 ± 532.52 mm3. PMMA significantly decreased GE from 8.33 ± 1.25 mm (T0) to 6.60 ± 0.93 mm (T12) (p < 0.01). NAR was 98.34 ± 9.28° at T0 and increased to 105.13 ± 7.33° at T12; however, the angle value was not statistically different (p = 0.08). LLV, LS, NW, FW, and NAS did not exhibit statistical differences between the baseline and follow-up periods. Conclusions: PMMA significantly decreased GE in a 12-month follow-up without influencing adjacent soft tissue anatomical structures.

[Clinical Characteristics Analysis of 1051 Cases of Cleft Lip With/Without Cleft Palate in the Ethnic Tibetan Population]. / 1051ä¾‹è—æ—å”‡è ­è£‚æ‚£è€ ä¸´åºŠç‰¹å¾åˆ†æž.

Objective: To examine the characteristics of the prevalence of congenital cleft lip with/without cleft palate in the ethnic Tibetan population and to provide support for the precise prevention and treatment of cleft lip with/without cleft palate in the Tibetan population. Methods: The clinical data of Tibetan patients with cleft lip with/without cleft palate were collected and the clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed. The patients' age ranged from 2 months to 51 years old. All the subjects were admitted to West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University for the treatment of cleft lip with/without cleft palate between January 2016 and August 2023. Most of the subjects came from Sichuan Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region. Results: A total of 1051 patients were enrolled and children aged under 12 months (460 cases) accounted for the largest proportion. Among the subjects, 383 had cleft lip only (36.44%), 140 had cleft palate only (13.32%), and 528 had cleft lip with cleft palate (50.24%). The male-to-female ratios of patients with cleft lip only (0.99∶1), cleft palate only (0.54∶1), and cleft lip with cleft palate (1.67∶1) exhibited significant differences (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the male-to-female ratio in patients with cleft lip only or those with cleft lip with cleft palate when the subjects were divided into two groups according to whether they had unilateral or bilateral cleft lip with/without cleft palate. Most of the patients with bilateral cleft lip were female, while most of the patients with unilateral cleft lip and unilateral or bilateral cleft lip with cleft palate were male. The unilateral cleft lip with/without cleft palate was located predominantly on the left side. Syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate accounted for 3.43% of all the cases and the most common concomitant deformity was congenital heart disease. 3.81% (40 cases) of the patients had a family history. In the patients with cleft lip only and those with cleft palate only, the proportion of patients having parents with corresponding phenotypes was higher than those of other phenotypes of cleft lip with/without cleft palate. Regarding the birth time distribution of the children with cleft lip with/without cleft palate, Spring saw the highest number of births of these children (311 cases, 29.59%), while Winter saw the lowest number of births (231 cases, 21.98%). Conclusion: The cases of cleft lip with/without cleft palate in the ethnic Tibetan population are predominantly cleft lip and palate. Unilateral cleft lip only or cleft lip with palate is predominantly located on the left side. Lip disease phenotypes may be more heritable.

The Evaluation of Upper Labial Swelling: An Arteriovenous Malformation.

Vascular malformations, which include disorders of the lymphatic or vascular systems, can appear in a variety of ways on radiographs, in the radiological department, and histologically. High-flow lesions with direct arteriovenous connections are known as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). These lesions can cause soft tissue loss and deformity since they are difficult to diagnose early. This case report describes a 75-year-old female who presented with a severe bluish-purple swelling on her top lip. After conducting a thorough investigation, the patient's condition was quickly identified as AVM. After confirmation by USG Doppler and histological examination, the patient underwent a successful surgical resection that revealed a confined vascular lesion suggestive of AVM. The discussion explores the hemodynamic and embryologic factors that contribute to the formation of AVM, pointing out differences in hemodynamic properties and clinical symptoms. Treatment choices are influenced by the categorization of peripheral AVMs according to clinical standards and angiographic flow characteristics.

PeNAC67-PeKAN2-PeSCL23 and B-class MADS-box transcription factors synergistically regulate the specialization process from petal to lip in Phalaenopsis equestris.

The molecular basis of orchid flower development involves a specific regulatory program in which MADS-box transcription factors play a central role. The recent 'perianth code' model hypothesizes that two types of higher-order heterotetrameric complexes, namely SP complex and L complex, play pivotal roles in the orchid perianth organ formation. Therefore, we explored their roles and searched for other components of the regulatory network.Through the combined analysis for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing and RNA sequencing of the lip-like petal and lip from Phalaenopsis equestris var.trilip, transcription factor-(TF) genes involved in lip development were revealed. PeNAC67 encoding a NAC-type TF and PeSCL23 encoding a GRAS-type TF were differentially expressed between the lip-like petal and the lip. PeNAC67 interacted with and stabilized PeMADS3, which positively regulated the development of lip-like petal to lip. PeSCL23 and PeNAC67 competitively bound with PeKAN2 and positively regulated the development of lip-like petal to petal by affecting the level of PeMADS3. PeKAN2 as an important TF that interacts with PeMADS3 and PeMADS9 can promote lip development. These results extend the 'perianth code' model and shed light on the complex regulation of orchid flower development.

Evaluation of oral function using a composite sensor during maximum lip closure and swallowing in normal children and adults.

BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in the development of objective methods for assessing lip-closing function in children. OBJECTIVE: To obtain normative data for healthy children in the developmental stages of lip closure function, we quantitatively evaluated oral movements associated with lip closure in children and adults using a composite sensor (CS). METHODS: Twenty-five normal children (11 boys, 14 girls) aged 8.8 ± 1.6 years and 25 young adults (13 men, 12 women) aged 27.4 ± 3.9 years were asked to perform test movements, maximal lip closure and swallowing of 3 mL of water. Lip-closing pressure (LP), intraoral baro-pressure (IP) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper orbicularis oris muscle were simultaneously recorded using the CS. RESULTS: EMG activity of the upper orbicularis oris muscle during closure was significantly greater in adults than in children. There were significant positive correlations between integral values of LP and EMG for closure in adults (r = .527, p = .008) but not in children, and significant positive correlations between integral values of LP and IP for swallowing in children (r = .508, p = .010) but not in adults. CONCLUSIONS: The CS may provide an effective tool for evaluating lip function in children acquiring oral function. For the combination of maxillary orbicularis oculus contraction and formation of intraoral negative pressure, EMG activity of the upper orbicularis oris muscle involvement in LP and IP involvement in LP may differ between children and adults.

Quantifying female upper lip lengthening with age by direct surface measurement: A guide for the lip lifting procedure.

Upper lip lifting is a very popular procedure but there is no objective guidelines on how much skin has to be removed to obtain an optimal result. We have measured and compared the philtral height in two groups of young and old female Lebanese subjects. We have found a mean philtral height of 14.3 ± 1.9 mm in the young group and 19.8 ± 2.4 mm In the old group, with a mean philtral lengthening of 5.5 ± 2.9 mm. We suggest using these results to plan the amount of skin that has to be removed during a lip lift procedure.

3-Dimensional Evaluation of Two PNAM Techniques (Modified Grayson & AlignerNAM) on Facial Soft Tissue Morphology: A Randomised Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate facial changes after Presurgical Naso-Alveolar Molding (PNAM) in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients treated with Modified Grayson Technique and AlignerNAM (with DynaCleft nasal elevator) using a 3D facial scan. DESIGN: Randomised clinical trial. SETTING: Institutional study. Participants: 20 UCLP patients allocated to two groups (10 patients each). INTERVENTIONS: Group A patients underwent PNAM with Modified Grayson Technique and Group B patients underwent AlignerNAM (with DynaCleft nasal elevator). Their 3D facial scans were obtained by using an iOSbased application (Bellus3D FaceApp) mounted on a novel frame. These .stl files were analysed using 3D software (GOM INSPECT) at three-time intervals; before intervention (T0), after intervention (T1) and one month after lip repair surgery (T2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Changes in facial and nasolabial morphology. RESULTS: Both techniques brought significant improvement in the columellar length, nasal tip projection, columella angle, nasal tip angle and a significant reduction in cleft width. At T1, a statistically significant difference in angular and linear measurements was present in both groups. At T2, no statistically significant difference in linear parameters was observed between the two groups except for the outer lateral height of the non-cleft side, basal lateral height of the non-cleft side, and philtrum width. Similar pattern was observed in angular measurements with no statistically significant difference between the two groups except in nasolabial angle, anterior nasal base triangle III, and anterior nasal root triangle. CONCLUSIONS: Aligner NAM and Modified Grayson technique are equally effective PNAM methods with similar clinical results in nasolabial morphology after lip repair surgery.

Congenital Midline Upper Lip Sinus: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Congenital midline sinus of the upper lip are rare congenital malformations. We recently identified a case featuring a congenital midline sinus of the upper lip. The punctate opening was positioned at the midline of the philtrum, immediately below the base of the columella. Surgical removal of the sinus tract was conducted through an intraoral approach. Up to now, fewer than 70 cases have been reported. Several postulates, including the fusion theory, merging theory, and invagination theory, have been proposed to explain the formation of the congenital midline sinus of the upper lip. Nevertheless, the etiology of this uncommon abnormality remains unclear. This report details a case of a congenital upper lip sinus presenting as a congenital midline sinus of the upper lip and reviews the current literature on this condition.

Scar Outcome in Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip Repair: A Comparative Analysis of Vertical Lip Lengthening Strategies Using the Rotation-Advancement Concept.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the differences in scar outcomes between modified rotation-advancement techniques proposed by Drs. Mohler and Noordhoff, designed to address issues such as inadequate vertical lip length and scarring on the upper third of the lip in the original rotation-advancement technique. DESIGN: Retrospective single-surgeon (RD) study. PATIENTS: Consecutive non-syndromic children (n = 68) with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. INTERVENTIONS: Modified Mohler (columellar backcut reconstructed with C flap; n = 34) and modified Noordhoff (lower, medially-created backcut reconstructed with laterally-based triangular skin flap; n = 34) repairs. MEAN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using 12-month postoperative frontal photographs, scar evaluations (overall and superior, middle, and inferior portions of the lip) were appraised by an assessment panel composed by independent professional and nonprofessional raters employing four validated qualitative scar assessment scales: Manchester Scar Scale, modified Scar-Rating Scale, Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale, and Visual Analog Scale. Quantitative computerized photogrammetric scar widths of the superior, middle, and inferior portions of the upper lip were also measured. RESULTS: The modified Noordhoff method showed significantly (all P < .001) better scar quality for the overall scar and superior portion of the scar in all four scales compared to the modified Mohler method, with no significant (all P > .05) difference for the middle and lower portions. No significant difference (all P > .05) was observed for photogrammetric scar width measurements. CONCLUSION: The modified Noordhoff technique provided better qualitative results for unilateral complete cleft lip-related scars compared to the modified Mohler technique.

Cleft Summit 2022: The Impact of a Unified Voice.

OBJECTIVE: The inaugural Cleft Summit aimed to unite experts and foster interdisciplinary collaboration, seeking a collective understanding of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) management. DESIGN: An interactive debate and conversation between a multidisciplinary cleft care team on VPI management. SETTING: A two-hour discussion within a four-day comprehensive cleft care workshop (CCCW). PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two global leaders from various cleft disciplines. INTERVENTIONS: Cleft Summit that allows for meaningful interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge exchange. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ability to reach consensus on a unified statement for VPI management. RESULTS: Participants agreed that a patient with significant VPI and a dynamic velum should first receive a surgery that lengthens the velum to optimize patient outcome. A global, multicenter prospective study should be done to test this hypothesis. CONCLUSION: The 1st Cleft Summit successfully distilled global expertise into actionable best-practice guidelines through iterative discussions, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and paving the way for a transformative multi-center prospective study on VPI care.

Phylogenetic analyses reveal insights into interdomain horizontal gene transfer of microbial lipases.

Microbial lipases play a pivotal role in a wide range of biotechnological processes and in the human skin microbiome. However, their evolution remains poorly understood. Accessing the evolutionary process of lipases could contribute to future applications in health and biotechnology. We investigated genetic events associated with the evolutionary trajectory of the microbial family LIP lipases. Using phylogenetic analysis, we identified two distinct horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events from Bacteria to Fungi. Further analysis of human cutaneous mycobiome members such as the lipophilic Malassezia yeasts and CUG-Ser-1 clade (including Candida sp. and other microorganisms associated with cutaneous mycobiota) revealed recent evolutionary processes, with multiple gene duplication events. The Lid region of fungal lipases, crucial for substrate interaction, exhibits varying degrees of conservation among different groups. Our findings suggest the adaptability of the fungal LIP family in various genetic and metabolic contexts and its potential role in niche exploration.

Impacted Ectopic Maxillary Incisor at the Margins of an Oronasal Palatal Fistula.

An oronasal fistula is one of the most common complications that can occur after cleft palate surgeries. Some of the reasons for the failure of repair are the closure of palatal flaps under tension, vascular compromise, and infection. We present a case of a 10-year-old patient who experienced nasal regurgitation during feeding, four years after undergoing a redo palatoplasty. The reason was identified as an impacted maxillary incisor located at the fistula site. The patient was managed with the closure of the oronasal palatal fistula, with a two-layered repair technique using bilateral mucoperiosteal flaps after the removal of the impacted tooth.

Bilateral Karapandzic Flap, a Saviour for Subtotal Lower Lip Reconstruction.

Lip plays an essential role in facial esthetic, food intake, and speech. Lip defect due to trauma or surgical excision needs proper reconstruction to preserve their function. Carcinoma lip is one of the common malignant lesions in the head and neck, which needs wide local excision with proper margin with neck clearance. When the size is more than two-thirds, it becomes a challenge to reconstruct and preserve its functionality and aesthetic issues. Bilateral karapandzic flap plays an important role in this case scenario. We have two cases of subtotal lower lip defect following squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip excision, which was reconstructed with a bilateral karapandzic flap with reasonable functional outcome and cosmesis. Thus, bilateral karapandzic flap can be an alternative option to free flap in resource-constrained scenarios with acceptable functional outcomes.

The three layered structure of orbicularis oris and buccinator complex with partial connection at the modiolus and partial direct continuation.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to clarify the structural arrangement of the orbicularis oris (OOr), the buccinator, and the other perioral muscles around the modiolus. METHODS: The perioral muscles in seventeen cadavers fixed with formalin were dissected in situ and/or in isolated muscle specimens, and their layers were reconstructed schematically upon pantomographic view of the skeleton to evaluate their actions. RESULTS: The buccinator was composed of three parts including upper and lower oblique parts in its superficial layer and a middle transverse part in its deep layer. The superior and inferior OOr were composed of an inner marginal part (IM) and an outer labial part (OL) in each. The perioral muscles as a whole were arranged in three layers. The first layer consisted of the depressor anguli oris and the OL of superior OOr connected at the modiolus in a vertical direction. The second layer consisted of the upper and inner oblique part of buccinator and a part of the OL of inferior OOr connected at the modiolus in a horizontal direction. The third layer contained the middle transverse part of buccinator continuous with the IM of both OOr and a part of the OL of inferior OOr without connection to the modiolus. CONCLUSIONS: The different arrangement of the three layers of perioral muscles around the modiolus could serve as a good basis to predict the actions of the individual perioral muscles on the movement of lips in open/close of the oral fissure and widening/narrowing of the lip width.

Functional and esthetic reconstruction of composite lower lip defects with a motor-innervated chimeric facial artery buccinator myomucosal-submental island flap.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the functional and esthetic outcomes of a chimeric innervated buccinator myomucosal-submental island flap (BMM-SIF) for large composite lower lip reconstruction. METHODS: This retrospective study included five patients who underwent lower lip tumor resection and BMM-SIF reconstruction at the Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, between August 2021 and February 2023. Lip function was evaluated using water leakage, cheek puffing tests, and superficial electromyography. Lip appearance was observed using photographs and evaluated through subjective interviews. Donor-site conditions, including facial symmetry and mouth opening, were monitored. RESULTS: All the BMM-SIFs survived. Drooling was the main complication observed shortly after surgery. The water leakage test showed complete oral competence for liquid holding in the 7th month; however, moderate air leakage was present in two patients. Electromyography revealed myoelectric signals from the innervated buccinator at the recipient site. Facial expression and food intake were typically managed. The shape and projection of the vermilion were harmonious and satisfactory for each patient. Neither microstomia nor mouth opening limitation was observed, with an average inter-incisor distance of 37.25±4.4 mm. CONCLUSION: Chimeric motor-innervated BMM-SIF effectively reconstructed large full-thickness lower-lip defects with satisfactory functional and esthetic outcomes.

Long non-coding RNA LIP interacts with PARP-1 influencing the efficiency of base excision repair.

In recent years, various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in DNA damage response (DDR) have been identified and studied to deepen our understanding. However, there are rare reports on the association between lncRNAs and base excision repair (BER). Our designed DNA microarray identified dozens of functionally unknown lncRNAs, and their transcription levels significantly increased upon exposure to DNA damage inducers. One of them, named LIP (Long noncoding RNA Interacts with PARP-1), exhibited a significant alteration in transcription in response to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and temozolomide (TMZ) treatments. LIP knockdown or knockout cell lines are sensitive to MMS and TMZ, indicating that LIP plays a crucial role in DDR. The loss or insufficiency of LIP significantly influences the efficiency of BER in human cells, and it suggests that LIP participates in the BER pathway. The interaction between LIP and a key factor in BER, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), has been confirmed. We identified and characterized LIP, a lncRNA, which is involved in DDR, significantly influences BER efficiency, and interacts with the BER key factor PARP-1. This advances our understanding of the connection between lncRNAs and BER, presenting the potential for the discovery of new drug targets.